List of emotions
What are the basic
emotions? As ever, theorists disagree. Ortony and Turner (1990) collated a
wide range of research as to what basic emotions are.
|
Theorist
|
Basic
Emotions
|
|
Plutchik
|
Acceptance, anger,
anticipation, disgust, joy, fear, sadness,
surprise
|
|
Arnold
|
Anger, aversion,
courage, dejection, desire, despair, fear,
hate, hope, love, sadness
|
|
Ekman, Friesen,
and Ellsworth
|
Anger,
disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise
|
|
Frijda
|
Desire,
happiness, interest, surprise, wonder, sorrow
|
|
Gray
|
Rage
and terror, anxiety, joy
|
|
Izard
|
Anger, contempt,
disgust, distress, fear, guilt, interest, joy,
shame, surprise
|
|
James
|
Fear,
grief, love, rage
|
|
McDougall
|
Anger, disgust,
elation, fear, subjection, tender-emotion,
wonder
|
|
Mowrer
|
Pain,
pleasure
|
|
Oatley and
Johnson-Laird
|
Anger,
disgust, anxiety, happiness, sadness
|
|
Panksepp
|
Expectancy,
fear, rage, panic
|
|
Tomkins
|
Anger, interest,
contempt, disgust, distress, fear, joy,
shame, surprise
|
|
Watson
|
Fear,
love, rage
|
|
Weiner
and Graham
|
Happiness,
sadness
|
Here is a deeper
list of emotions as described in Parrot (2001), where emotions were
categorised into a short tree structure.
|
Primary
emotion
|
Secondary
emotion
|
Tertiary
emotions
|
|
Love
|
Affection
|
Adoration, affection,
love, fondness, liking,
attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion,
sentimentality
|
|
Lust
|
Arousal,
desire, lust, passion, infatuation
|
|
Longing
|
Longing
|
|
Joy
|
Cheerfulness
|
Amusement, bliss,
cheerfulness, gaiety, glee,
jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment,
gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation,
satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria
|
|
Zest
|
Enthusiasm, zeal,
zest, excitement, thrill,
exhilaration
|
|
Contentment
|
Contentment,
pleasure
|
|
Pride
|
Pride,
triumph
|
|
Optimism
|
Eagerness,
hope, optimism
|
|
Enthrallment
|
Enthrallment,
rapture
|
|
Relief
|
Relief
|
|
Surprise
|
Surprise
|
Amazement,
surprise, astonishment
|
|
Anger
|
Irritation
|
Aggravation, irritation,
agitation, annoyance,
grouchiness, grumpiness
|
|
Exasperation
|
Exasperation,
frustration
|
|
Rage
|
Anger, rage, outrage,
fury, wrath, hostility,
ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite,
vengefulness, dislike, resentment
|
|
Disgust
|
Disgust,
revulsion, contempt
|
|
Envy
|
Envy,
jealousy
|
|
Torment
|
Torment
|
|
Sadness
|
Suffering
|
Agony,
suffering, hurt, anguish
|
|
Sadness
|
Depression, despair,
hopelessness, gloom,
glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow,
woe, misery, melancholy
|
|
Disappointment
|
Dismay,
disappointment, displeasure
|
|
Shame
|
Guilt,
shame, regret, remorse
|
|
Neglect
|
Alienation, isolation,
neglect, loneliness,
rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection,
insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult
|
|
Sympathy
|
Pity,
sympathy
|
|
Fear
|
Horror
|
Alarm, shock, fear,
fright, horror, terror, panic,
hysteria, mortification
|
|
Nervousness
|
Anxiety, nervousness,
tenseness, uneasiness,
apprehension, worry, distress, dread
|
So What
Learn to recognise
emotions at increasing levels of detail. If you can see the emotion, then you
can respond appropriately to it.
Reference
Parrott, W. (2001),
Emotions in Social Psychology, Psychology Press, Philadelphia
Ortony, A., &
Turner, T. J. (1990). What's basic about basic emotions? Psychological
Review, 97, 315-331.
Plutchik, R. (1980).
A general psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. In R. Plutchik & H.
Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience: Vol. 1. Theories of emotion (pp.
3-33). New York: Academic. |
|
